Internal-combustion engine



July 3, 1923. l1,460,474-

W. B. BRONANDER INTERNAL coNBus'rIoN ENGINE Filed Nov. x1v, 1919 s sheets-sheet 1.

July 3, 1923.

W. B. BRONANDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE s sheets-smet 2 Fil4ed=4Nov. 17 1919 Patented July 3, 1923.

STATES GFICE.

WILHELM B. BRONANDER, F MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

`To all whom z't may conce'm:

Be it known that I, WILHELM B. BRoivAN- DER, a citizen o f-the United States, and a resident of Montclair, Essex County, and State'of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements `in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and its object is to improve the construction and method of operation of engines moregespecially of the type arranged to use comparatively slow burning oils for fuel. More specifically `*ts object is to provide a simple double piston two cycle engine in which the pistons control the ports and are arranged to move at relatively different speeds. is to provide for a long stroke engine without excessive crank eccentricity. A still further object is to provide for complete and thorough scavenging.

These and other objects of the invention will appear in the following specification in V which I will describe the invention and the novel features of which will be set forth in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings: y

Figure l is a sectional front elevation of an engine which is made according to and embodies this invention. n

Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation of the same engine.

Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of the engine cylinders, the section being taken on the line 3-3 of Figure'l. U

Figures 4-7 are diagrams illustrating the cycle of operation of the engine. v

' Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all figures of the drawings.

10 designates a base in which the shaft 11 is supported. This has a central crank pin 12 and two others 13 of opposite eccentricity to that of the crank ^pin 12. 14 is a connecting rod, one end of which is connected with the crank pin 12 and its other end with a pin 15 on a block 16 which is slidable in vertical guides 17 in the base. This connecting rod has integral extensions 18 and 19 which project transversely from 'opposite sides of pin 15. n

20 are similar connecting rods, the lower ends of which are connected with the crank Another object pins 13 and their other ends to pins 21 on blocks 22 whichy are slidable in vertical guides 23 in the base. Each of these connecting rods has integral extensions 24, 25

which project transversely from opposite sides of the pins 21.

On the base is a cylinder casting which is constructed to form two parallel cylinders 31 and 32 connected at their central portion by a passage 33. Equally spaced from the passage 33 are two annular sets of intake ports 34 in the cylinder 31 and of exhaust ports 35 in the cylinder 32. These communicate respectively with an intake manifold 36 and an exhaust manifold 37. In this description the cylinder 31 will be called the intake cylinder and the cylinder 32 the exhaust cylinder. Both are water jacketed as shown at 38.

In the intake cylinder are two pistons 40 and 41. The piston 40 is connected link 42 with 'the connecting rod extension 18. The other has an upwardly extending bracket 43 which is connected by a crossbar 44 and links 45 'with the connecting rod extension 24. A

Similarly, pistons and 51 in the exhaust cylinder are connected with the engine shaft. The piston 50U is connected by a link 52 with connecting rod extension 19.

Bracket 53 which projects upwardly from piston 51 is connected by a cross bar 54 and.

links 55 with connecting rod extension 25. and 61 are fuel oil intake ports in the cylinders 3l and 32 respectively. As illustrative of a mechanism'for forcing oil into the cylinders through these ports, there is shown in Fig. 2 an eccentric 62 on shaft 11, connected by a rod 63 with .one arm of a bell crank lever 64, pivoted at 65 on a bracket 66. The other arm of the beu crank lever is connected to reciprocate the plunger 67 of a valve 68 to which is connected an oil supply pipe 69, under pressure.

This engine operates in the following manner: When the crank pin 12 is vertically above crank pins 13, the crank pin projections 18, 19 and 24, 25 are substantially horizontal, the pistons 40, 50 are near the upper ends of their strokes and the pistons 41, 51 are near the lower ends of their strokes. The connecting links between the pistons in the two cylinders are corresponding lengths so the space between the pistons in the intake cylinder is the same as that between the pistons in the exhaust cylinder'.l

iop

Rotation of the motor shaft in the direcd' tion Yindicated by the arrow in Fig. 4 will cause' pistons 50 and 51 t0 begin to move apart before pistons 40 and 41, infact before pistons 40 and 41 have .stopped moving toward each other, as shown inthis Fig. 4. At this part of the cycle as will be explained more fully, oil is being injected and burned. Pistons 50, 51 continue to move apart'more rapidly than do pistons 40, 41 so that they pass over and open exhaust ports 35 before the intake ports are opened. This condition is illustrated in Fig. 5.

Further rotation of the engine shaft moves pistons 40, 41 over intake ports 34 to open them while-the exhaust ports are still ,A open. This is shown in Fig. 6. Air under pressure isadmitted at both ends of the intake cylinder. This passes through passage 33 and out through the exhaust ports 35 at both ends of the exhaust cylinder. In this manner the cylinders are most thoroughly and effectively scavenged.

Immediately following this condition pistons 50, 51 will move over and close exhaust ports 35 before the intake ports are closed as shown in Fig. 7 so that as soon as the intake ports are closed, air under pressure willbe trappd in the cylinders. This is then compresesed during the upward movement of the pistons 40 and 50. These pistons, travel toward their compani ion pistons 41 and 51 at unlike rates so that the air is compressed at a greater rate betwen the pistons 40 and 41 during the first part of the compression stroke, then at a greater rate between the pistons 50 and 51 and given its final pressure between the pistons 40 and 41. Thus the work of compression done by the crank shaft is 'unequally distributed which prevents undue pressures on the connecting rods at any one part of their movement. The mechanism is such that'there is almost no side thrust upon the pistons at any part of the cycle.

The' preure upon the air is such as to raise its temperature above the ignition point of the fuel oil and the injection of the oil begins at or slightly before the point of maximum compression. The oil injection is continued during a part of the working stroke. A very long stroke is possible with this mechanism and a comparatively long piston movement attainable with crank pins of but little eccentricity.

The invention upon which this application is based is broader than the specific embodiment of it which has been lllustrated and described for the purpose of showing one of the ways in which it may be used, and certain of the novel features disclosed maybe used by themselves as well as in the combinations described, and I therefore, intend no limitations other than those imposed by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a pair ofcylinders provided with intake Iand exhaust ports, spaced from each other, a passage interconnecting the cylinders intermediate said ports, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, the cylinder ports each being opened and closed by one of said pistons, and means for interconnecting the pistons arranged to cause said pistons to open the exhaust port before the intake port is opened and to close the exhaust port before the intake port is closed.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a pair of cylinders provided with intake and exhaust ports lspaced from each other, a passage interconnecting the cylinders intermediate said ports, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, the cylinder ports each being opened and closed by one of said pistons, means for interconnecting the pistons and arranged to cause said pistons to open `the exhaust port-before the intake port is opened and to close the exhaust port before the intake port is closed, and means for injecting oil into the cylinders between the pistons therein.

3. A pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, an intake port in one cylinder, an exhaust port in .the other cylinder, said intake and exhaust ports being spaced on opposite sides of said interconnection, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, and means -for interconnecting the pistons arranged to cause one of the pistons in one cylinder to open and close the intake port and one 0f the pistons in the other cylinder to open and close the exhaust port."

'4. An internal4 combustion engine comprising a pair of cylinders, a passage interconnecting said cylinders intermediate the ends thereof, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides transverse to the shaft, connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, transverse projections from 0pposite sides of each connecting rod near its yguided end, and links between the pistons and said projections.

5. A crank shaft, a guide at right angles thereto, a connecting rod between the shaft and the guide, transverse projections from opposite sides of the connecting rod near its guided end, a pair of pistons and connections between each piston and one of said projections.

6. A crank shaft, guides at right angles thereto, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides transverse to the` 7. A cylinder, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides at right angles to 'the shaft, connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, a transverse projection from each connecting rod near its guided end, pistons in said cylinder and a connection between each piston and one'of said projections. t

8. A cylinder provided with ports, a shaft having, crank pins of unlike angularity guides at right angles to the shaft, connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, a transverse projectionfrom each connecting rod near its guided end, pistons in said cylinder arranged to open and close the cylinder ports, and a connection between each piston and one of said projections.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a pair of cylinders provided with ports, a passage interconnecting said cylinders intermediate the ends thereoffa pair of pistons in each cylinder, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides transverse to 'the shaft, connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, transverse projections from opposite sides of each connecting rod near its guided end, and links between the pistons and said projections, said pistons being arranged to open and close the. cylinder ports.

10. A cylinder provided with ports, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides at right angles to the shaft, connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, a transverse projection from each connection rod near i'ts guided end, pistons insaid cylinder arranged to open and close the cylinder ports, a connection between each piston and one of said projections, and means for injecting oil into .the cylinder between the pistons.

11. An internal combus'tion engine comprising a pair of cylinders, a passage interconnecting said cylinders intermediate the ends thereof, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides transverse to the shaft,.

connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, transverse projections from opposite sides of each connecting rod near its guided end, links between the pistons and said projections, and means for injecting oil into the cylinders between the pistons.

12. An internal combustion engine comprising a pair of cylinders provided with ports, a passage interconnecting saidcylinders intermediate the ends thereof, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, a shaft having crank pins of unlike angularity, guides transverse to the shaft, connecting rods between the crank pins and the guides, transverse projections from opposite sides of each connectmg rod near its guided end, links between the pistons and said projections, said pistons being arranged to open and close the cylinder ports, and means for injecting oil into the cylinders between the pistons.

13. A pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, an intake port in one cylinder, an exhaust port in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, means for interconnecting the pistons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to move out of step with those in the other cylinder, and to cause one of the pistons in one cylinder to open and close the intake port and one of the pistons in the other cylinder to open and close the exhaust port.

14. A pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, spaced intake ports in one cylinder, spaced exhaust ports in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, means for interconnecting the pistons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to move out ofstep with those in the otherl cylinder, and to cause the pistons in one cylinderv to open and closethe intake ports and the pistons in the other cylinder to open and close, the exhaust ports. 15. A pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, spaced intake ports in one cylinder, spaced exhaust ports in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, means for interconnecting the pistons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to move out of step with those inthe other cylinder,- to cause the pistons in one cylin- `der to open and close the intake ports and the pistons in the other cylinder to open and clo-se the exhaust ports, so arranged as to open the exhaust ports before the intake ports are open, and to close the exhaust ports before the intake ports are closed.

16. A pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, an intake port in one cylinder, an exhaust lport in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons in each cylinder,

means vfor interconnecting the pistonsl to cause the pistons in one cylinder to move outo-f step with those in the other cylinder, to cause one of the -pistons in one cylinder to open and close'the intake port and one of the pistons in the other cylinder to open and close the'exhaust port, and means for injecting oil into the cylinders between the pistons therein.

17, A 'pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends,l spaced intake ports in one cylinder, spaced exhaust ports in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons .in each cylinder, means for interconnecting the pis- ,tons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to move out of step with those in the other cylinder, to cause the pistons in one cylinder 18, 'A pair of cylinders interconnected i11- termediate their ends, lspaced intake ports in o ne cylinder, spaced exhaust ports in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons ini each cylinder, means for interconnecting the pis-l tons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to move out of step with those in the other cylinder, to cause the pistons in one cylinder to open and close the intake ports and the pistons in the other cylinder to open and close the exhaust ports, so arranged as to -open the exhaust ports before the intake ports are open, and to close the exhaust ports before the intake ports are closed, and'4 means for injecting oil into the cylinders between the pistons therein.

. 19. A pair -of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, spaced intake ports in one cylinder, spaced exhaust ports in the other cylinder, a air of pistons in each cylinder,'and means or interconnecting the pis-d tons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to lopen and closeV the intake ports and the pistons finA the other cylinder to open and close the exhaust ports.

20. A pair of cylinders interconnected intermediate their ends, spaced intake ports in one cylinder, spaced exhaustports in the other cylinder, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, and means for interconnecting the pistons to cause the pistons in one cylinder to open and close the intake ports 'and the arranged to cause one of the pistons in one l cylinder to open and close the intake port and one of the pistons in the other cylinder to open and close the exhaust port.

22. The herein described method of operating the type of internal combustion engine, which has opposing pistons, which comprises compressing air between the pistons, injecting combustible fluid between the pistons, burning the resultant mixture, moving the pistons oppositely and out of step,

and utilizing said out-of-step relation of the piston movements to release products of combustion .from between the pistons, to admit air between the pistons and to trap compressed air between the pistons.

In -witness whereof, I hereunto set my handthis 14th da of November, 1919.

WILHE M B. BRONANDER. 

